在 my.cnf 中将 MySQL 默认字符集更改为 UTF-8?

问题描述

目前我们在 PHP 中使用以下命令将字符集设置为 UTF-8 在我们的应用程序中.

Currently we are using the following commands in PHP to set the character set to UTF-8 in our application.

由于这有点开销，我们希望将其设置为 MySQL 中的默认设置.我们可以在/etc/my.cnf 或其他位置执行此操作吗?

Since this is a bit of overhead, we'd like to set this as the default setting in MySQL. Can we do this in /etc/my.cnf or in another location?

SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8

我在/etc/my.cnf 中寻找了默认字符集，但没有关于字符集的内容.

I've looked for a default charset in /etc/my.cnf, but there's nothing there about charsets.

此时，我执行以下操作将 MySQL 字符集和排序规则变量设置为 UTF-8:

At this point, I did the following to set the MySQL charset and collation variables to UTF-8:

skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8

这是处理这个问题的正确方法吗?

Is that a correct way to handle this?

推荐答案

要设置默认为UTF-8，需要在my.cnf/my.ini中添加以下内容

To set the default to UTF-8, you want to add the following to my.cnf/my.ini

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4


[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

如果您想更改现有数据库的字符集，请告诉我...您的问题没有直接指定它，所以我不确定这是否是您想要做的.

If you want to change the character set for an existing DB, let me know... your question didn't specify it directly so I am not sure if that's what you want to do.

由于 utf8 只是 UTF-8 的一个子集，我在原始答案中用 utf8mb4 替换了 utf8.MySQL 和 MariaDB 都调用 UTF-8 utf8mb4.

I replaced utf8 with utf8mb4 in the original answer due to utf8 only being a subset of UTF-8. MySQL and MariaDB both call UTF-8 utf8mb4.

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