在投影中将子字段提升到顶层而不列出所有键

With MongoDB 3.4 you can use $objectToArray and $arrayToObject with $replaceRoot in order to change this:

db.wish.aggregate([
  { "$replaceRoot": {
    "newRoot": {
      "$arrayToObject": {
        "$concatArrays": [
          [{ "k": "a", "v": "$a" }],
          { "$objectToArray": "$z" }
        ]
      }
    }
  }}
])

甚至连这么长的咒语都没有指定 "a" 属性:

Or even this long incantation without even specifying the "a" property:

db.wish.aggregate([
  { "$replaceRoot": {
    "newRoot": {
      "$arrayToObject": {
        "$reduce": {
          "input": {
            "$filter": {
              "input": { "$objectToArray": "$$ROOT" },
              "as": "r",
              "cond": { "$ne": [ "$$r.k", "_id" ] }
            }
          },
          "initialValue": [],
          "in": {
            "$concatArrays": [
              "$$value",
              { "$cond": {
                "if": {  "$gt": [ "$$this.v", {} ] },
                "then": { "$objectToArray": "$$this.v" },
                "else": ["$$this"]
              }}
            ]
          }  
        } 
      }
    }
  }}
])  

两者都产生:

{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3 }

$concatArrays 的有趣用法在未来的版本中应该是不必要的，因为将会有一个 $mergeObjects 操作符，这会使它更简洁一些.

The funny use of $concatArrays should not be necessary in future versions since there will be a $mergeObjects operator which will make that a bit cleaner.

但您基本上可以非常简单地在客户端代码中执行相同的操作.例如在 JavaScript 中的 shell:

But you can basically just do the same thing in client code pretty simply. For example in JavaScript for the shell:

db.wish.find().map( doc => (
  Object.assign({ a: doc.a }, doc.z )
))

或者是没有"a"的版本:

db.wish.find().map( doc => 
  Object.keys(doc).filter(k => k !== '_id').map(k => 
   ( typeof(doc[k]) === "object" ) ? 
     Object.keys(doc[k]).map(i => ({ [i]: doc[k][i] }))
       .reduce((acc, curr) => Object.assign(acc,curr),{})
     : { [k]: doc[k] }
  ).reduce((acc,curr) => Object.assign(acc,curr),{})
)

产生相同的输出

{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3 }

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