builtins.TypeError:必须是 str，而不是 bytes

问题描述

我已将我的脚本从 Python 2.7 转换为 3.2，但我遇到了一个错误.

I've converted my scripts from Python 2.7 to 3.2, and I have a bug.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
from datetime import date
from lxml import etree
from collections import OrderedDict

# Create the root element
page = etree.Element('results')

# Make a new document tree
doc = etree.ElementTree(page)

# Add the subelements
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'Country',Tim = 'Now', 
                                      name='Germany', AnotherParameter = 'Bye',
                                      Code='DE',
                                      Storage='Basic')
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'City', 
                                      name='Germany',
                                      Code='PZ',
                                      Storage='Basic',AnotherParameter = 'Hello')
# For multiple multiple attributes, use as shown above

# Save to XML file
outFile = open('output.xml', 'w')
doc.write(outFile) 

在最后一行，我得到了这个错误:

On the last line, I got this error:

builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes
File "C:PythonExamplesXmlReportGeneratorExample.py", line 29, in <module>
  doc.write(outFile)
File "c:Python32Libsite-packageslxmletree.pyd", line 1853, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:44355)
File "c:Python32Libsite-packageslxmletree.pyd", line 478, in lxml.etree._tofilelike (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:90649)
File "c:Python32Libsite-packageslxmletree.pyd", line 282, in lxml.etree._ExceptionContext._raise_if_stored (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:7972)
File "c:Python32Libsite-packageslxmletree.pyd", line 378, in lxml.etree._FilelikeWriter.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:89527)

我已经安装了 Python 3.2，并且我已经安装了 lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe.

I've installed Python 3.2, and I've installed lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe.

在 Python 2.7 上它可以工作.

On Python 2.7 it works.

推荐答案

输出文件应该是二进制模式.

The outfile should be in binary mode.

outFile = open('output.xml', 'wb')

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