我用 python 3 和 kivy 编写了一个小程序.现在我想使用 buildozer 构建一个 .apk 并在我的 android 手机上测试该应用程序.一切正常，我能够在手机上安装应用程序，但应用程序在启动时崩溃了.
I have written a little program in python 3 and kivy. Now I want to build an .apk using buildozer and test the app on my android phone. Everything worked and I was able to install the app on the phone but the app crashed on startup.
错误日志显示，apk 的 python 环境是 python 2.7 而不是 3.因此，我的问题是:是否可以在 android 上使用 python 3 环境构建带有 buildozer 的 apk?还是我必须在 python2 中重写应用程序?是否有可能强制 buildozer 使用 python3 的黑客攻击?
The error log revealed, that the python enviroment of the apk was python 2.7 instead of 3. My question is therefore: Is it possible to build an apk with buildozer using a python 3 enviroment on android? Or do I have to rewrite the app in python2? Is there perhaps a possible hack to force buildozer to use python3?
我按照 inclement 建议的步骤操作，得到以下错误:
I followed the steps suggested by inclement and got the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/runpy.py", line 162, in _run_module_as_main
"__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/runpy.py", line 72, in _run_code
exec code in run_globals
File "/home/micha/python/ZugGit/ZugAppFahrt/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android-master/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 747, in <module>
main()
File "/home/micha/python/ZugGit/ZugAppFahrt/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android-master/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 744, in main
ToolchainCL()
File "/home/micha/python/ZugGit/ZugAppFahrt/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android-master/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 323, in __init__
getattr(self, args.command)(unknown)
File "/home/micha/python/ZugGit/ZugAppFahrt/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android-master/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 105, in wrapper_func
build_dist_from_args(ctx, dist, dist_args)
File "/home/micha/python/ZugGit/ZugAppFahrt/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android-master/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 142, in build_dist_from_args
build_recipes(build_order, python_modules, ctx)
File "pythonforandroid/build.py", line 560, in build_recipes
recipe.build_arch(arch)
File "pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 910, in build_arch
self.build_cython_components(arch)
File "pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 919, in build_cython_components
command = sh.Command('python{}'.format(self.ctx.python_recipe.version))
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 788, in __init__
raise CommandNotFound(path)
sh.CommandNotFound: python3.5
# Command failed: python -m pythonforandroid.toolchain create --dist_name=zugFart --bootstrap=sdl2 --requirements=kivy==1.9.1,python3crystax --arch armeabi-v7a --copy-libs
编辑 2: 这似乎是一个永无止境的故事.安装了 python3.5 后，我遇到了这个错误:
Edit 2: This seems to be a never ending story. With python3.5 installed I ran into this error:
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'arm-linux-androideabi-gcc' failed with exit status 1
随着我过去从错误到错误的进展，将代码简单地更改为 python2.7 会更聪明，但现在我已经投入了这么多时间，我只想最终成功.:-)
With the time I used to advance from error to error it would be much smarter to simply change the code to python2.7 but now that I have so much time invested I just want to finally make it. :-)
那么有人知道如何解决这个问题吗?
So does somebody have an idea how to solve this issue?
最后我终于投降并更改了我的代码以使用 python 2.7.我在此过程中看到的一个好建议:如果您使用 futures，则必须将其添加到 buildozer 文件的要求中.否则，应用程序在启动时会崩溃并显示空模块"错误消息.
Last I finally surrendered and changed my code to work with python 2.7. A good advice I have overseen during this process: If you using futures it is mandatory to add it to the requirements of the buildozer file. Otherwise the app crash on start with the "empty module" error message.
现在我的应用程序可以在手机上运行，我终于高兴了 :-) 感谢我试图帮助我解决问题.
Now that my app works on the phone I'm finally happy :-) Thanks to inclement trying to help me with my problem.
我不确定 buildozer 是否有 python3 的构建选项，但 python-for-android 实验性地支持它.您可以通过从其主分支安装 buildozer 并使用 android_new 目标 (buildozer android_new debug) 来使用新版本的 python-for-android.如果 buildozer 可以使用它的 python3 选项，您需要在要求中添加 python3crystax(如果有，请替换 python2)，手动下载 CrystaX NDK，并将 buildozer 的 NDK 路径选项设置为指向它.可能还需要在需求中编写 kivy==1.9.1 而不仅仅是 kivy.
I'm not sure if buildozer has a build option for python3 yet, but python-for-android supports it experimentally. You can use the new version of python-for-android by installing buildozer from its master branch and using the android_new target (buildozer android_new debug). If buildozer will work with its python3 option, you'd need to add python3crystax in the requirements (replace python2 if it's there), download the CrystaX NDK manually, and set buildozer's NDK path option to point to it. It might also be necessary to write kivy==1.9.1 in the requirements rather than just kivy.
Python3 构建仍在开发中，以具有 Python2 的所有功能，并且需要进行一些清理，包括修剪包含的文件和压缩更多内容.一些菜谱也不适用于 python3，但大多数都可以.
Python3 builds are still in development to have all the features of the python2 ones, and need some clearing up including trimming the included files and compressing more. Some recipes also will no yet work with python3, though most do.
除非您的脚本很复杂并且大量使用 py2/py3 的主要差异(例如 unicode 处理)，否则使用 python2 代替可能并不难.由于它们几乎是同一种语言，因此您可能不需要重写"，只需进行一些小改动即可.
Unless your script is complicated and makes significant use of the major py2/py3 differences such as unicode handling, it probably wouldn't be difficult to use python2 instead. Since they're almost the same language, you probably don't need a 'rewrite', just a few small changes.
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