MySQL 加载数据 infile - 加速?

问题描述

有时，我必须为一个项目重新导入数据，从而将大约 360 万行读入 MySQL 表(目前是 InnoDB，但我实际上并不仅限于此引擎).加载数据文件..."已被证明是最快的解决方案，但它有一个权衡:- 在没有密钥的情况下导入时，导入本身大约需要 45 秒，但密钥创建需要很长时间(已经运行了 20 分钟......).- 使用表上的键进行导入会使导入速度变慢

sometimes, I have to re-import data for a project, thus reading about 3.6 million rows into a MySQL table (currently InnoDB, but I am actually not really limited to this engine). "Load data infile..." has proved to be the fastest solution, however it has a tradeoff: - when importing without keys, the import itself takes about 45 seconds, but the key creation takes ages (already running for 20 minutes...). - doing import with keys on the table makes the import much slower

表的 3 个字段上有键，引用数字字段.有什么办法可以加速吗?

There are keys over 3 fields of the table, referencing numeric fields. Is there any way to accelerate this?

另一个问题是:当我终止启动慢查询的进程时，它继续在数据库上运行.有没有什么办法不用重启mysqld就可以终止查询?

Another issue is: when I terminate the process which has started a slow query, it continues running on the database. Is there any way to terminate the query without restarting mysqld?

非常感谢数据库

推荐答案

如果您使用的是 innodb 和批量加载，这里有一些提示:

if you're using innodb and bulk loading here are a few tips:

将你的 csv 文件按目标表的主键顺序排序:记住 innodb 使用聚集的主键，所以如果它被排序，它会加载得更快！

sort your csv file into the primary key order of the target table : remember innodb uses clustered primary keys so it will load faster if it's sorted !

我使用的典型加载数据文件:

typical load data infile i use:

truncate <table>;

set autocommit = 0;

load data infile <path> into table <table>...

commit;

可用于加快加载时间的其他优化:

other optimisations you can use to boost load times:

set unique_checks = 0;
set foreign_key_checks = 0;
set sql_log_bin=0;

将 csv 文件拆分成更小的块

split the csv file into smaller chunks

我在批量加载期间观察到的典型导入统计数据:

typical import stats i have observed during bulk loads:

3.5 - 6.5 million rows imported per min
210 - 400 million rows per hour

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