C++ 标准禁止在名称空间 std
中声明类型或定义任何内容,但它允许您为用户定义的类型专门化标准 STL 模板.
The C++ standard prohibits declaring types or defining anything in namespace std
, but it does allow you to specialize standard STL templates for user-defined types.
通常,当我想为我自己的自定义模板类型专门化 std::swap
时,我只是这样做:
Usually, when I want to specialize std::swap
for my own custom templated type, I just do:
namespace std
{
template <class T>
void swap(MyType<T>& t1, MyType<T>& t2)
{
t1.swap(t2);
}
}
...而且效果很好.但我不完全确定我的通常做法是否符合标准.我这样做正确吗?
...and that works out fine. But I'm not entirely sure if my usual practice is standard compliant. Am I doing this correctly?
你所拥有的不是专业化,它是重载,正是标准所禁止的.(但是,它目前在实践中几乎总是有效,并且您可能可以接受.)
What you have is not a specialization, it is overloading and exactly what the standard prohibits. (However, it will almost always currently work in practice, and may be acceptable to you.)
以下是您为类模板提供自己的交换的方法:
Here is how you provide your own swap for your class template:
template<class T>
struct Ex {
friend void swap(Ex& a, Ex& b) {
using std::swap;
swap(a.n, b.n);
}
T n;
}
这里是你如何调用 swap,你会注意到 Ex 的 swap 中也使用了它:
And here is how you call swap, which you'll notice is used in Ex's swap too:
void f() {
using std::swap; // std::swap is the default or fallback
Ex<int> a, b;
swap(a, b); // invokes ADL
}
相关:函数模板专业化重要性和必要性
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