在 STL 算法中启用我的 swap
的正确方法是什么?
What is the proper way to enable my swap
in STL algorithms?
1) 成员swap
.std::swap
是否使用 SFINAE 技巧来使用成员 swap
.
1) Member swap
. Does std::swap
use SFINAE trick to use the member swap
.
2) 同一命名空间中的独立swap
.
2) Free standing swap
in the same namespace.
3) std::swap
的部分特化.
4) 以上所有.
谢谢.
看起来我没有清楚地表达我的问题.基本上,我有一个模板类,我需要 STL 算法来使用我为该类编写的(高效)交换方法.
Looks like I didn't word my question clearly. Basically, I have a template class and I need STL algos to use the (efficient) swap method I wrote for that class.
swap
的正确使用.写library"的时候就这样写代码并希望在 swap
上启用 ADL(依赖于参数的查找).此外,这与 SFINAE 无关.swap
. Write it this way when you write "library" code and want to enable ADL (argument-dependent lookup) on swap
. Also, this has nothing to do with SFINAE.// some algorithm in your code
template<class T>
void foo(T& lhs, T& rhs) {
using std::swap; // enable 'std::swap' to be found
// if no other 'swap' is found through ADL
// some code ...
swap(lhs, rhs); // unqualified call, uses ADL and finds a fitting 'swap'
// or falls back on 'std::swap'
// more code ...
}
swap
函数的正确方法:swap
function for your class:namespace Foo {
class Bar{}; // dummy
void swap(Bar& lhs, Bar& rhs) {
// ...
}
}
如果 swap
现在使用,如 1) 所示,您的函数将被找到.此外,如果您绝对需要,您可以将该函数设为好友,或者提供由自由函数调用的成员 swap
:
If swap
is now used as shown in 1), your function will be found. Also, you may make that function a friend if you absolutely need to, or provide a member swap
that is called by the free function:
// version 1
class Bar{
public:
friend void swap(Bar& lhs, Bar& rhs) {
// ....
}
};
// version 2
class Bar{
public:
void swap(Bar& other) {
// ...
}
};
void swap(Bar& lhs, Bar& rhs) {
lhs.swap(rhs);
}
...
std::swap
,您必须在您的命名空间中提供一个免费的函数.不是坏事,如果我可以这么说的话.现在,显式特化也是可能的,但通常您不想特化函数模板:std::swap
for template classes, you have to provide a free function in your namespace. Not a bad thing, if I may say so. Now, an explicit specialization is also possible, but generally you do not want to specialize a function template:namespace std
{ // only allowed to extend namespace std with specializations
template<> // specialization
void swap<Bar>(Bar& lhs, Bar& rhs) noexcept {
// ...
}
}
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