我有一个结构,我创建了一个自定义构造函数来将成员初始化为 0.我在较旧的编译器中看到,在发布模式下,如果没有将 memset 设置为 0,则不会初始化这些值.
I have a structure which I create a custom constructor to initialize the members to 0's. I've seen in older compilers that when in release mode, without doing a memset to 0, the values are not initialized.
我现在想在联合中使用这个结构,但是因为它有一个非平凡的构造函数而出错.
I now want to use this structure in a union, but get errors because it has a non-trivial constructor.
那么,问题 1. 默认编译器实现的构造函数是否保证结构的所有成员都将被初始化为空?非平凡的构造函数只是将所有成员的 memset 设置为0"以确保结构清晰.
So, question 1. Does the default compiler implemented constructor guarantee that all members of a structure will be null initialized? The non-trivial constructor just does a memset of all the members to '0' to ensure a clean structure.
问题 2:如果必须在基本结构上指定构造函数,如何实现联合以包含该元素并确保初始化为 0 的基本元素?
Question 2: If a constructor must be specified on the base structure, how can a union be implemented to contain that element and ensure a 0 initialized base element?
问题 1:根据 C++ 标准,默认构造函数确实将 POD 成员初始化为 0.请参阅下面引用的文本.
Question 1: Default constructors do initialize POD members to 0 according to the C++ standard. See the quoted text below.
问题 2:如果必须在基类中指定构造函数,则该类不能成为联合的一部分.
Question 2: If a constructor must be specified in a base class, then that class cannot be part of a union.
最后,你可以为你的联合提供一个构造函数:
Finally, you can provide a constructor for your union:
union U
{
A a;
B b;
U() { memset( this, 0, sizeof( U ) ); }
};
对于第一季度:
来自 C++03,12.1 构造函数,第 190 页
From C++03, 12.1 Constructors, pg 190
隐式定义的默认构造函数执行一组初始化将由用户为该类编写的默认构造函数执行的类,具有空的 mem-initializer-list (12.6.2) 和空的函数体.
The implicitly-defined default constructor performs the set of initializations of the class that would be performed by a user-written default constructor for that class with an empty mem-initializer-list (12.6.2) and an empty function body.
来自 C++03,8.5 初始化器,第 145 页
From C++03, 8.5 Initializers, pg 145
默认初始化一个 T 类型的对象意味着:
To default-initialize an object of type T means:
对 T 类型的对象进行零初始化意味着:
To zero-initialize an object of type T means:
对于第二季度:
来自 C++03,12.1 构造函数,第 190 页
From C++03, 12.1 Constructors, pg 190
如果构造函数是隐式声明的默认构造函数并且如果:
A constructor is trivial if it is an implicitly-declared default constructor and if:
来自 C++03,9.5 联合,第 162 页
From C++03, 9.5 Unions, pg 162
联合可以有成员函数(包括构造函数和析构函数),但不能有虚拟(10.3)函数.联合不应有基类.联合不应用作基类.具有非平凡构造函数 (12.1)、非平凡复制构造函数 (12.8)、非平凡析构函数 (12.4) 或非平凡的类的对象复制赋值运算符 (13.5.3, 12.8) 不能是联合的成员,也不能是此类对象的数组
A union can have member functions (including constructors and destructors), but not virtual (10.3) functions. A union shall not have base classes. A union shall not be used as a base class.An object of a class with a non-trivial constructor (12.1), a non-trivial copy constructor (12.8), a non-trivial destructor (12.4), or a non-trivial copy assignment operator (13.5.3, 12.8) cannot be a member of a union, nor can an array of such objects
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